| | | | The climate is tipical montaineous, generally moist and cold on the high peaks, and warmer towards the lower regions. The vertical stratification shows in all the climate determinant factors. The mean annual temperature is of 2oC in Biharia and Vlădeasa Massifs, 4oC in the karst plateau area, and reaches 10oC in Beiuş Depression. In January, the mean air temperature is -7oC in the high mountains, and -3oC in depressions, while in July, it is 10oC in the mountain area and 20oC in depressions. | | | The predominant wind is from the West, bringing many precipitation and causing a large number of cloudy days to occur. Thus, in the Bihor Mountains, in July, there are approximately 18 overcast days. A direct consequence of this fact is that the extremely high quantity of precipitation that falls here. The annual mean in the higher areas surpasses 1400 mm, which is a maximum for our country, and is encountered elsewhere only in much higher mountains (Rodna, Retezat and Făgăraş). Towards the foot hills, especially in Beiuş Depression, the number of overcast days reaches 12 in July, and the precipitation drops to 800 mm. On the slopes oriented towards the depression, the mountain and valley winds are largely present, being felt especially in the evenings. | | | | On Padiş Plateau, due to the karst relief, there is a special climatic phenomenon. The cold air flow which occurs in the evenings is stoppef in the closed basins, because there are no valleys to channel the air currents. The cold air therefore accumulates on the bottom of the closed depression where a thermal stratification occurs, the air temperature rising with height. This phenomenon is also related to the vegetation distribution. A particular aspect of the lack of winds in the closed basins can be observed in Padiş, where the botttom of the depression is covered with dolines, some of them sheltering lakes. These lakes represent a reservoir of heat accumulated during the day. In the evening, when the air gets cooler, the layer of air from above the lakes heats up and starts to rise, being lighter. By penetrating into the colder air layers above, it creates a partial condensation leading to a dense fogg. Captured inside the depression by the surrounding crests and being unable to flow, the fogg forms a dense layer of about 1 m high which crawls on the soil and unravels at the first brake of dawn. With a harsh and capricious weather, the mountains still offer the tourists favorable periods for visiting. May is especially beautiful because of the clarity of the atmosphere, although there is a high risk of sudden spring thunderstorms. June is generally rainy, with persistant rains that render difficult especially the visiting of caves. In July, the weather is getting better, mostly towards the end of the month. A generally good weather persists throughout August and the first half of September. Also in this shiny period there are periods of rains, that last for 3-5 days. Local thunderstorms, sometimes very violent, but usually short, occur mostly in July. The autumn offers beautiful days, with good clarity and visibility, that cannot be found during summer. Usually, a cold weather period occurs in the middle of September, lasting about for two weeks, when there is even the possibility of snow. After that, though, the weather gets better, and October offers stable conditions, ideal for subterranean explorations. Snow falls in November and persists until April (there are 200 days of frost per year on the average). Weather is good during winter (about 16 overcast days in January, by comparison with the Beiuş depression where there are 22), offering possibilities for winter tourism and skiing. | | | | | |
|